Face-to-face , second term, 30 hours of theory and 22,5 hours of exercises.

Second term
Friday from 10:45 to 12:45 at 43 Botanique 1

The course and exercise sessions are given in French; the reference book is also written in French.

The fundamental purpose of statistics is to derive results from a sample that are valid for the entire population. This inductive approach is called "Statistical Inference". In a preliminary stage, the sample must be simplified by representing it, without losing too much information, by means of graphs and tables that are as adequate as possible and reducing it to a few numbers that describe it. This is the role of Descriptive Statistics which constitutes the first part of the course.
In order to go beyond the simple description of the sample and to draw valid conclusions about the underlying population, one must make additional hypotheses about the way in which the sample data were generated; this is the role of Probability Theory, which provides this indispensable tool for any inferential approach. This inductive approach introduces uncertainty; probability theory also allows us to attach a measure of reliability to any inferential conclusion. The second part of the course will therefore be an introduction to probability.
The aim of the first part of the course is to familiarize students with the tools of Descriptive Statistics; tools which they are confronted with on a daily basis, if only because of the media, which makes great use of them. In addition to its interest in describing a state of affairs or a sample, Descriptive Statistics provides an easy introduction to Probability Theory. The second part of the course aims at introducing the probabilistic reasoning mode.
At the end of this course, students should be sufficiently comfortable in understanding and manipulating Descriptive Statistics and Probability (simple) to be able to take the Applied Statistics course in BLOC2; Descriptive Statistics and Probability are the first steps and are treated as such.

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Chapter 1 : descriptive statistics
Terminology, how to decompose the world into variables and observational units.
Graphs, central measures of tendency and dispersion measures
Chapter 2 : probability
Independence, conditional probabilities, etc.
Chapter 3 : probability laws
Binomial law, Poisson law, normal law
Chapter 4 : estimation
We will only introduce some advanced notions

The lectures and the practical works are given in person; students are required to enroll on Moodle. Communications and instructions for the course will be sent to students via announcements from Moodle.
a) The lectures are a systematic introduction to the methodological foundations of Descriptive Statistics and the theoretical foundations of Probability. A particular effort is made throughout the course and the practical exercises to involve the students in the elaboration and discovery of the new concepts and their applications. Students are expected to participate actively in the course and in the practical exercises in order to be able to take full advantage of the practical works that completes the lectures and to be, from this outset, involved in a research process.
b) The practical works are based on the reference book for this course.
c) An active and participative attitude in the course and in the practical works are essential; the chances of success regarding the exam depend on it. It is absolutely essential that students get into the rhythm of the course from the beginning of the semester by participating in the lectures and the practical exercises and even by anticipating the lectures and the practical exercises by reading the reference book in advance.
Each student must therefore devote sufficient personal study time to ensure that he/she understands and appropriates the material, with the help of the lectures and reference book. At the end of the semester, the period preceding the exam should not be a period of discovery but rather a period of revision of a previously understood and acquired subject.
The personal work expected is in no way plain memorization. What will be evaluated at the exam is not the student's ability to reproduce, but rather his or her in-depth understanding of the concepts and explanatory mechanisms and his or her ability to use them wisely.
Other reference books, available at the University Library or online, are offered to students as a complement for their more or less formalized aspect and/or for their panoply of exercises, solved or not.

The certification evaluation will take place in June and August on paper only. This type of exam allows us to assess the student's mastery of the technical and computational aspects of the course, his or her rigor in this area, his or her ability to interpret the results obtained and to evaluate his or her reasoning.
Such an evaluation questions not only the understanding of the course acquired by the student (understanding its concepts and their applications in exercises and knowing how to interpret the results) but also requires the ability to go a little beyond the material seen in the course and in the practical work, by his own means. In other words, it is a matter of making the effort to appropriate the course material in order to use it.
During the evaluations, students will not be able to use a form or the reference book. A rudimentary calculator will be allowed.

Remark:
This course outline may evolve, as the course progresses, according to the dynamics with the students and from year to year according to the improvements made to the course and the practical exercises.

The course will be based on the reference book “Notions de Statistique” third edition, by Christiane Simard.
Other useful books:
- Comte M. et J. Gaden, Statistiques et Probabilités pour les sciences économiques et sociales, Collection Mayor, PUF, 1ère édition, 2000.
- Wackerly D. D., Mendenhall W and R.L. Scheaffer, Mathematical Statistics with Applications, Duxbury Press, 7th ed., 2008.
- Mendenhall W, Beaver R. J. and B. M. Beaver, Introduction to Probability and Statistics, Duxbury Press, 14 ed. 2012.
- Ross S. M., Initiations aux Probabilités, traduction de la 4ème édition américaine, Collection : Enseignement des Mathématiques, Presses polytechniques et universitaires normandes.
- Ross S., A first course in Probability, Pearson International Edition, 9th ed., 2013. ISBN-10: 1292024925.
- Wonnacott T. H. and R. J. Wonnacott, Statistique: Economie - Gestion - Sciences - Médecine (avec exercises d'application), Paris, Economica, 4ème ed. 2000.
- Howell D. C., Statistique en Sciences Humaines (M. Rogier, traduction française), Edition Deboeck, 2008.
- Bouget D. et A. Viénot, Traitement de l'Information : Statistique et Probabilités, Edition Vuibert, 1998.