Face-to-face , second term, 30 hours of theory.

The course is taught in French, but certain reference documents are in English.

With regard to development, the promotion of human rights was sometimes considered as an obstacle, sometimes as one of its essential dimensions, or even as one of its instruments and, further still, as its principal purpose. The course will thus be devoted to the analysis of the roles that human rights can play in the context of development policies.

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In the first chapter, the course will cover the relationship between human rights and development: in particular, it will deal with the implementation of development and its implications with regard to human rights in general. Some questions will be discussed: is development compatible with human rights? Is there an economic development model more geared to promoting human rights? Is economic poverty an obstacle to human rights?

The second chapter will cover certain aspects of development and their implications on human rights: economic and social development and respect for the environment, development and national cultural values, human rights and poverty, equality of the citizens and promotion of development, etc.

The third chapter will cover human rights and international development policies: the key question will be the examination of various international policies of economic and social development and their respective and/or collective impact on human rights, especially in developing countries, in particular the structural adjustment policy imposed by the World Bank and the IMF, globalisation of the economy and human rights, new technologies and the protection of individual rights, world trade and fundamental rights (right to life, right to food and to health care, right to education, etc.)

After a presentation on these various questions, the students will be able to work on a subject of their choice and fuel the debate on specific cases, in particular those pertaining to their respective countries.

The course is taught over 30 hours based on an interactive method which brings into play the experience of the students and/or the lecturer to explain the principles and to place them in the context of developing countries.

An oral examination or a written assignment that is orally presented at the examination.

I. Documents of the United Nations

1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights of 10 December 1948
2. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 16 December 1966;
2a. Additional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights of 16 December 1966;
3. Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, aiming at the abolition of the death penalty of 15 December 1989;
4. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, 16 December 1966;
5. World Declaration on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children and Plan of Action for the Implementation of the Declaration adopted by the World Summit for Children in New York on 30 September 1990;
6. Guidelines for the regulation of computerised personal data files of 14 December 1990;
7. Universal Declaration on the Eradication of Hunger and Malnutrition, December 17, 1974: General Assembly resolution 3348 (XXIX);
8. Declaration on Social Progress and development in the social field (GA, UN, December 11, 1969)
9. Declaration of the General Assembly on the right of peoples to peace on 12 November 1984;
10. Copenhagen Declaration and Programme for Social Development in 1995;
11. Declaration and Programme of Action adopted at the Vienna World Conference on Human Rights (A/CONF.157/24, June 25, 1993);
12. Declaration on the Right to Development adopted by the General Assembly of the United Nations December 4, 1986;
13. Report of the Working Group on the Right to Development on its second session, 5 September 1994;
14. Declaration on Fundamental Principles concerning the Contribution of the Mass Media to Strengthening Peace and International Understanding, to the Promotion of Human Rights and to Countering Racialism, apartheid and incitement to war (UNESCO, 28 December 1978);
15. Statement on the use of advances in science and technology in the interests of peace and the benefit of mankind of 10 November 1975 (Resolution 3384 (XXX));
16. Statement on the progress and development in the social field of 11 December 1969 (resolution 2542 (XXIV));
17. The Proclamation of Teheran, Final Act of the International Conference of Human Rights, 22 April to 13 May 1968;
18. Resolution of the General Assembly created the post of United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights of 20 December 1993;
19. Millennium Declaration of the General Assembly of the United Nations No. 55 /2 of 13 September 2000;
20. Declaration on the Right of Peoples to Peace, United Nations General Assembly 12 November 1984;

II. Regional instruments

A. Europe:

1. Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms of 4 November 1950 and additional protocols;
2. Final Act of the Helsinki Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe, adopted August 1, 1975;
3. Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union of 7 December 2000;
4. Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Dignity of the Human Being with regard to the Application of Biology and Medicine: Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine;
5. European Social Charter opened for signature on 18 October 1961, entered into force on 26 February 1965;
7. European Convention on the Exercise of Children's Rights, 25 January 1996;
8. European Convention on Establishment, December 13, 1955

B. Africa

1. Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam, 5 August 1990;
2. African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights of 27 June 1981;
3. The New Partnership for Africa (NEPAD)
4. Constitutive Act of the African Union on 11 July 2000;
- African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child, July 1990;
- Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples 'Rights on the Establishment of an African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights, 9 June 1998;
- Protocol to the African Charter on Human Rights and Peoples' Rights on the Rights of Women, July 11, 2003;
- Protocol of the Court of Justice of the African Union, 11 July 2003

C. America

American Convention on Human Rights (Pact of San José, Costa Rica) of 22 November 1969;

American Declaration of the Rights and Duties of Man, May 2, 1948;
Human Rights and Environment in the Americas, resolution adopted at the fourth plenary session, held on 10 June 2003;


III. Books and reviews

AMMARTY A, SEN, Human rights and economic achievements, in BAUER, J. R. and BELL, A. D., East asian challenge for human rights, Cambridge University press, 1999, pp. 88-99;
COHEN-JONATHAN, Gérard, Les droits de l'homme, une valeur internationalisée, Droits fondamentaux, n° 1, juillet-décembre 2001, pp. 159-166;
DEJEANT-PONS, M., Le droit de l'Homme à l'environnement en tant que droit procédural, Droits de l'Homme et environnement, sous la dir. de M. Déjeant-Pons et M. Pallemaerts, éd. Conseil de l'Europe, 2002, pp. 21 et suiv.;
FLORY, M., "À propos des doutes sur le droit au développement ", Les Hommes et l'environnement. En hommage à C-A. Kiss, Paris, Frison-Roche, pp.165 et suiv.
GOLSONG, H., Évolution de la conception des droits collectifs en droit international, Les droits de l'Homme. Droits collectifs ou droits individuels ?, Paris, LGDJ, 1979, pp. 137 et svt.;
GUIMBO, Bernard Raymond, Droit au développement et dignité, in Les droits fondamentaux Actes des 1 ères journées du Réseau Droits fondamentaux de l'AUPELF UREF, Bruxelles Bruylant, 1996, pp73-89;
HELMONS, Silvio Marcus, (éd.), Droits de l'homme et droit au développement, Bruxelles, Académia, Bruylant, 1989;
KAMTO, Maurice, Retour sur le droit au développement au plan international  : droit au développement des Etats, RUDH, 30 septembre 1999, vol. 11, n° 1-3, p. 1-10.
KERDOUN, Azzouz  ; Le droit au développement en tant que droit de l'homme  : portée et limites, Revue québécoise de droit international, 2004, pp. 73-96
KUBOTA, Yo, L'approche asiatique des droits de l'homme, in A. LAPEYRE, F. DE TINGUY, K. VASAK (sous la direction), Les dimensions universelles des droits de l'homme, Bruxelles, Bruylant, 1990, pp. 211-229;
LAVIEILLE, J.-M., " Les rapports entre les droits de l'Homme, le développement et la paix ", R. T.D.H., 1990, pp. 211 et suiv.
LEVINET, M., Recherche sur les fondements du droit au développement de l'être humain à partir de l'exemple de la Convention européenne des droits de l'Homme, Actualité Scientifique. Les droits fondamentaux, Bruxelles, Bruylant, 1997, pp. 43 et suiv.
LOSCHAK, D., Mutations des droits de l'Homme et mutation du droit , R.I.E.J., 1984, pp. 49 à 88.
M'Baye, K., Les droits de l'Homme en Afrique, Paris, Pedone, 1992;
M'BAYE, Keba, Droits de l'homme et pays en développement, Mélanges René jean Dupuy, Paris, A. Pedone, 1991, pp.210-222;
MARIE, Jean-Bernard, De l'Universalité des principes à l'universalisation des pratiques des droits de l'homme, in Avancés et confins actuels des droits de l'homme au niveau des droits européens et national, Mélanges offerts à S. M. Helmons, Bruxelles, Bruylant, 2000, pp. 219-229
M'BAYE, Keba, Emergence du droit au développement en tant que droit de l'homme dans le contexte du nouvel ordre économique international, Unesco, réunion d'experts sur les droits de l'homme, les besoins humains et l'instauration d'un nouvel ordre économique international, juin 1978 (SS-78/conf.630/;
MEKINDA Beng, Antoine, Les droits universels et le développement durable  ; l'oxymoron du droit international public dans le contexte de l'Afrique, RIDH, n° 63, juillet 2005, p. 729-750
MENSAH, J.H., Réflexion sur le développement durable en Afrique: l'impact économique, in Afrique 2000 ; août 96-24, pp 54-58;
OLINGA, Alain Didier, La droit à des conditions matérielles d'existence minimales en tant qu'élément de la dignité humaine (articles 2 et 3 de la CEDH), in Les droits fondamentaux Actes des 1 ères journées du Réseau Droits fondamentaux de l'AUPELF UREF, Bruxelles Bruylant, 1996, pp. 91-103;
PALLEMAERTS, M., Le droit de l'Homme à l'environnement sain en tant que droit matériel, Droits de l'Homme et environnement, sous la dir. de M. Dejeant-Pons et M. Pallemaerts, éd. Du Conseil de l'Europe, Strasbourg, 2002, pp. 9 et suiv.
RIGAUX, F., Droit international et droits de l'Homme, J. T, 1988, pp. 700 et suiv.

RIVERO, J., Déclarations parallèles et nouveaux droits de l'Homme, R. T.D.H.., 1990, pp. 323 et suiv.

SENDAGUE, Ahmaed Belhadj, Le sous-développement et les droits de l'homme, sl, 1995;
SUDRE, F., Droit international et européen des droits de l'Homme, Paris, 4ème éd. PUF, 1999;

TOURE, Moriba, L'influence des facteurs culturels dans le processus d'intégration régionale en Afrique, Afrique 2000, août 95-22pp 100-112 ;AKE, Claude, Approches et orientations sociopolitiques pour le développement durable en Afrique, Afrique 2000, août 1995, n° 22, pp 79-95;

URIBE VARGAS, D., " La troisième génération des droits de l'Homme ", Recueil des cours de l'Académie de droit international, 1984, 1. 1, pp. 359 et suiv.

VALLANCON François, Universalité des droits fondamentaux et diversité culturelle, dans Les droits fondamentaux Actes des 1ères journées du Réseau Droits fondamentaux de l'AUPELF UREF, Bruxelles Bruylant, 1996, pp. 137-146;

VELU, J., Réflexions sur les perspectives d'avenir du droit positif dans le domaine des droits de l'Homme, J. T, 1982, pp. 121 et suiv.

The students receive a written document on the subject matter: a detailed course outline and bibliographical references.

Email address: c.ntampaka@avowyn.be