Face-to-face , second term, 30 hours of theory.

Second term
Monday from 10:45 to 12:45 at 43 Botanique 1

The course is taught in French. However, it occasionally draws on examples/cases taken from the Flemish (i.e. Dutch-language) press. Knowledge of Dutch is however not required.

Through the analytical lens of political science, this course aims to detail the institutional architecture of the Belgian political system. At the end of the academic year, students should be able to demonstrate a good factual understanding of Belgium's many political institutions and their respective roles, at federal, regional, community and local level. They should be able to make a clear distinction between the formal roles of institutions (i.e. as established in constitutional and other legal norms) and their informal aspects (i.e. the concrete working of cabinets, the role played by political parties, etc.). Students will also study some of the key episodes of Belgium's political history, and be asked to connect the course material with current political affairs.

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While our study of Belgian institutions will mainly use the lens of political science, the course draws on at least three other disciplines that can be viewed as foundational in the study of politics: history, sociology, and law. History, firstly, is fundamental to understanding how the institutions of today emerged in the form they did. Sociology, next, contributes to our understanding of how institutions constrain or influence actor behaviour. Finally, law is to be considered as a driver of institutional stability.

The course opens with a brief theoretical introduction to the concept of ‘political institution'. It is followed by a review of the key episodes in Belgian political history. However, the lion's share of the course focuses on the characterisation and analysis of the main political institutions at federal, regional, community, and local levels, in the following order:

- Legislative powers at federal level (King, House, Senate, including the election and/or designation rules of members of the parliament) ;
- Executive powers at federal level (Government, including the role played by cabinets and the administration) ;
- Regional and community-level institutions ;
- Specific focus on Brussels' institutions ;
- Local institutions (municipalities).

As far as possible, the course draws on examples from current political affairs, which will also be at the core of the learning activities.

As the course is taught to a large audience, it is mainly given in a classic lecture format using PowerPoint presentations. Students are also offered regular opportunities to discuss current news, and are invited to ask questions during class. A course syllabus is made available at the start of the second term. While it contains an outline and brief summaries of the topics covered, much of the theoretical discussion and case study examples will not be included. Attendance at course is therefore strongly recommended.
A great part of the historical section of the course will be self-studied by students, on the basis of the syllabus.
Furthermore, a conference with political actors will be held during the term. Attendance is compulsory, as this conference will be part of the material to be studied for the exam. Before the conference, students will read at least one paper related to the topic to be discussed, which changes each year.

The written exam includes questions on specific items (8 points), cross-thematic questions (8 points), as well as questions on the conference held during the term (4 points).

Various literature sources will be used, mainly from political science. For information only, references for further reading will be indicated in the syllabus.