Face-to-face , first term, 30 hours of theory.

First term
Monday from 10:45 to 12:45 at Ommegang Om10

French.

This is an introductory class. Its aim is to introduce the students to the understanding of contemporary political phenomena through the study of a few basic analytical frameworks. The lecture will look into some foundational concepts and typologies in political science, as well as some authoritative explanatory theories.
By the end of the lectures, the students are expected to be familiar enough with those theories to apply them to concrete situations. During the exam (see ‘assessment methods'), the students will be asked to use those theories to discuss and analyse some contemporary political phenomena that will not have been discussed during the lectures.

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The lectures are divided into four main sections, each corresponding to a classic concept in contemporary political science: Politics, Power, State, and Democracy. In the analysis of each concept, and the reality it captures, we intend to shed a light on what is peculiar to political phenomena (as opposed to social phenomena) and on what stands out in contemporary Western political phenomena, compared to other geopolitical contexts or other periods of history.
The lectures also aim to highlight the relevance of fundamental concepts of political science, such as civil society, international organization, political party, interest group, citizen, nation, federalism, etc. It will tackle a few authoritative analytical theories of contemporary political science, including Bobbio's distinction between left and right, Weber on domination, Stein and Rokkan's discussion of political cleavages, Lijphardt's work on consociativism, and Manin's typology of representative governments.
Last but not least, the lectures wish to trigger some critical thinking on current political issues and to invite students to consider the role played by the framing and the story-telling of social issues, the lingering tension between popular sovereignty and the rule of law in modern political regimes, the peculiarities of Belgium's political system and its institutional future…

Throughout the lectures, an effort will be made to illustrate the key theoretical points with some examples drawn from the most recent news cycle. Finally, a portfolio of slides will be made available on the Moodle platform. It will support and illustrate the oral developments.

The class of ‘Political Science' is worth 5 ECTS. 3 ECTS correspond to workload associated with attending and studying the content of the ex cathedra lectures. The remaining 2 ECTS are associated with a ‘self-teaching activity', that is to say some work the students have to do by themselves.

EX CATHEDRA LECTURES
Though the lectures are given ex cathedra, moreover to a large audience, the class aims to be as interactive as possible.
During the lectures, and within some reasonable time limits, students are encouraged to ask clarificatory questions or to express their opinion regarding the latest theoretical developments presented by the professor. The professor will direct some questions at the students to invite them to share their knowledge and analyses on some topics covered during the lectures. However, the students are under no obligation to respond.
The literary version of the class' content is to be found in Th. BALZACQ et al., Fondements de science politique, Bruxelles, De Boeck, 2014. The relevant excerpts from the handbook are listed in a document available on the class' webpage, on the Moodle interactive platform, under the heading “Matière du cours”

LEARNING ACTIVITY
The learning activity presents itself as a series of assignments put online every week on the Moodle interactive platform. The assignments are made of two questions addressing the content of the latest lecture. The answer to each question should not exceed five lines. The questions are handpicked amongst previous exam questions and anticipate the type of question the student will have to answer during her exam. Each student must submit his completed assignment every week, beginning on the second lecture. The latecomers will get an opportunity to fulfil their missing assignments after Halloween, during a week chosen by the professor.
The completed assignment will be submitted in an electronic format every week before the deadline mentioned on the Moodle platform (generally four to five days after the lecture). They will be considered as valid if they have been duly completed and submitted within the defined timeframe. The assignments are compulsory. Students are also asked to participate at least once on the lecture's online forum.

Assessment
The assignments' content will not be assessed. The only aspect taken into consideration for the eventual assessment of the learning activity is the regularity with which the assignments have been submitted on time. Each assignment will be corrected and discussed during the following lecture. Some examples of good and bad answers will subsequently be put on the online platform. It is up to the student to assess their own answers and to gauge the distance between them and the correct ones.
In total, the students will have to submit 9 assignments over the semester and to take part at least once on the online forum, for a total of 10 learning activities.

EXAM
It is a two-hours long written exam. It is made of 4 questions, each assessed on 10 points. The resulting total is then divided by two to obtain a consolidated result on 20 points.
The exam is made of a question for each of the 4 sub-sections of the lectures. The questions will invite the students to analyse, with the appropriate methodological tools from political science, some concrete political situations, not covered during the lectures. The students must apply the relevant theoretical knowledge to the cases presented. Each question will be based on a newspaper's article containing enough fact-based information to carry the analysis.
LEARNING ACTIVITY
The learning activities will also be subjected to an assessment. The assignments' content will not in itself be assessed. What will, however, be evaluated is the regularity with which the students will have completed and submitted their assignments within the predefined timeframe. This regularity will result in either a bonus or a malus to the exam's result, according to the following table:
10 assignments submitted on time out of 10 = +1 point to the exam's result
9 assignments submitted on time out of 10 = +0,5 point to the exam's result
8 assignments submitted on time out of 10 = +0 point to the exam's result (remains unchanged)
7 assignments submitted on time out of 10 = -0,5 point to the exam's result
6 assignments submitted on time out of 10 or less = -1 point to the exam's result
If the student must retake the exam during the second session, and if she benefits from a bonus, this bonus will also apply to her second session's exam. If the student suffers from a malus, she will be presented with an additional question at the exam. If she provides a correct answer to that question, her malus will be removed.

Th. BALZACQ et al., Fondements de science politique, Bruxelles, De Boeck, 2014.
No other reading is required. For the students wishing to go further, the handbook contains some additional bibliographical suggestions. The students will also find on the class' Moodle page a list of helpful bibliographical resources: handbooks of introduction to political science, specialized dictionaries of political science, introductory articles to Belgium's institutions and political life, as well as the electronic address of several associations of political scientists' webpages.

Face-to-face, first term, 30 hours of theory. Additionally, the students will have to submit 10 short assignments over the course of the term.
The class has a Moodle webpage on which the students will find, amongst other things, the following documents:
- the up-to-date version of the Power Point slides' portfolio,
- a list of the exact excerpts of the handbook (Fondements de la science politique) constitutive of the class' content,
- a list of the elements of theoretical content constitutive of the exam's material (actualized at the end of the semester),
- copies of previous years' exams and their correct answers.
- An online forum is also available for the students to ask any question, provide some answers to their co-students, and communicate with the professor.
It is also on the Moodle webpage that the students will upload their assignments and that the professor will share the correct answers to the assignments' questions.